
Mother Nature is always on the cutting edge of green technology. Elysia chlorotica is a type of sea slug that lives along the Atlantic coast of the US. What sets it apart from most other sea slugs is its ability to run on solar power. It has been known for some time that these sea slugs acquire and store chloroplasts from the algae they eat. In fact, young sea slugs that eat nothing but algae for 2 weeks can store up enough chloroplasts to survive the rest of their lives (about 1 year) on sunlight alone. But there's a catch... Chloroplasts only contain enough DNA to encode about 10% of the genes needed to keep themselves running. The other necessary genes are found in the algae's nuclear DNA. So until recently the question has been, how do the chloroplasts continue to function in a slug cell that is missing 90% of the genes necessary for it to function. Recent studies performed at the University of Maine suggest that the sea slug may be able to steal some of the algae's DNA along with its chloroplasts. When the researchers sequenced the sea slug's DNA, they found that it had incorporated one of the algae's genes that is necessary for chloroplast function. The scientists aren't sure how the slug is able to incorporate the algae's DNA. One possibility is that, as the algae are digested in the slug's gut, the gene is taken into its cells as along with the chloroplasts. The genes are then assimilated into the slug's own DNA, allowing the animal to produce the necessary proteins for the stolen chloroplasts to continue working. Another possibility could be that a virus found in the sea slug will take up the DNA from the algal cells and transmit it to the sea slug's cells. There is still much to learn about how the sea slugs acquire and use the algae's genes and chloroplasts. What is clear (to me, at least) is that nature is cool.
Two years ago, a miracle happened in my refrigerator. I like eating rye bread for breakfast on the weekends. Because I only eat toast on the weekends, my loaf of bread typically lasts a long time. In fact, it usually gets moldy before I finish it. However, this was not the case with a loaf of rye bread that I bought a while back. I was about halfway through the loaf when the expiration date on the bag caught my attention. It said that the bread had been expired for 6 months. I inspected each of the remaining pieces of bread and found no evidence of mold so I put it all back in the refrigerator. Each Saturday morning, I would take the bread out of the refrigerator, inspect it, find no mold, and make toast. This went on for another 2 months before I actually finished the loaf. As the weeks went on, I became rather attached to my magical loaf of rye bread. I was convinced that it had acquired special medicinal properties. It was a sad day the morning I toasted the last piece. I have had several loaves of rye bread since then and none of them has even come close to the 8 month mark set by my magical loaf. It was a miracle, I tell you.
So... I tried it in the safety and privacy of my own kitchen this morning. And...I was wrong (thankfully no video was taken). It was, in fact, horrible. The burning. The suffocation. I too failed miserably. I'm not saying it's impossible. With the proper training and conditioning, I'm sure it can be done. I'm just pretty sure that I am not the person to do it. But hey, you give it a try and tell me what you think. If you are too chicken, watch other people's attempts on